Is CREB a kinase?
The CREB contains Q1, kinase-inducible domain (KID), Q2, and bZIP domains. The crucial event in the activation of CREB is the phosphorylation of Ser133 in KID. This domain could be phoshphorylated by multiple protein kinases such as PKA, Akt, CaMKs, p90RSK, and MSK1.
What enzyme regulates CREB?
CREB-induced IL-10 production is regulated by IFN-γ. TLR signaling results in the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs (ERK1/2 and p38), which induces production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (29).
Does phosphorylation affect the nuclear localization of CREB?
CREB activity is regulated by the phosphorylation of amino acid (aa) residues, which are mainly localized in the KID region, thereby influencing the dimerization of CREB and its binding to the CRE sequence [5].
What is the role of CREB in our memories?
CREB is required for memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction. CREB plays functional roles in memory enhancement. CREB regulates learning and memory via changes in BDNF expression.
How does cAMP affect gene expression?
An important function of cAMP is to activate the phosphorylating enzyme, protein kinase A. The key roles of cAMP and protein kinase A in the phosphorylation and regulation of enzyme substrates involved in intermediary metabolism are well known.
Which protein kinases are involved in NF-κB activation?
Activation of the NF-κB is initiated by the signal-induced degradation of IκB proteins. This occurs primarily via activation of a kinase called the IκB kinase (IKK).
What is CREB in psychology?
CREB (cAMP response element binding) is a protein that is a transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences called cAMP response elements (CRE) and thereby increases or decreases the transcription, and thus the expression, of certain genes.
Why is the hippocampus called that?
The name hippocampus is derived from the Greek hippokampus (hippos, meaning “horse,” and kampos, meaning “sea monster”), since the structure’s shape resembles that of a sea horse.
What is the role of cyclic AMP cAMP in gene regulation?
What cytokines does NF KB produce?
As described above, NF-κB promotes Th17 differentiation both indirectly through induction of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-23, in innate immune cells and directly regulates Th17 lineage transcription factors in T cells.