Is thalidomide used to treat leprosy?
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a reactive state in lepromatous leprosy. Thalidomide has been used to treat ENL since the 1960s. One of its mechanisms of action is anti-inflammatory through selective inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha produced by monocytes.
What type of toxin is thalidomide?
Thalidomide [Thalomid, α-(N-phthalimido)-glutarimide] is a glutamic acid derivative that was used in the late 1950s as a sedative and as a therapy for pregnancy-related morning sickness.
What is the structure of thalidomide?
C13H10N2O4Thalidomide / Formula
How does thalidomide work in leprosy?
Thalidomide is highly effective in the treatment of patients with chronic or recurrent ENL. It acts by inhibition of selective gene expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) involved in the pathogenesis of nerve damage in leprosy and other mechanisms contributing to its anti-inflammatory effect [13,14].
What is thalidomide made of?
The chemical formula for thalidomide is C13H10N2O4. It is also known under the scientific more scientific name α-(N-Phthalimido)glutarimide. Thalidomide was first synthesized in 1954 in Western Germany by the firm Chemie Grünenthal, who found out that thalidomide had interesting sedative effects.
What type of mutagen is thalidomide?
The range of tests extends from cytogenetic studies conducted using human lymphocytes and fetal rabbit S9 mix to the first bone marrow micronucleus assay conducted in the rabbit. Uniformly negative results were obtained in each assay, and it is concluded that thalidomide is not a mutagen.
Who developed thalidomide?
Thalidomide is a drug that was developed in the 1950s by the West German pharmaceutical company Chemie Grünenthal GmbH. It was originally intended as a sedative or tranquiliser, but was soon used for treating a wide range of other conditions, including colds, flu, nausea and morning sickness in pregnant women.
What class of drug is thalidomide?
Thalidomide is in a class of medications called immunomodulatory agents. It treats multiple myeloma by strengthening the immune system to fight cancer cells.
Is the crystal structure of thalidomide a racemate?
Structural commentary 1 ▸), crystallizes in the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group, P21/c, with four molecules in the asymmetric unit, thus there is no crystallographically imposed symmetry and it is a racemic mixture.
What are the functional groups of thalidomide?
Thalidomide
- Amide.
- Amine.
- Angiogenesis Inhibitor.
- Drug.
- Ester.
- Immunosuppressive Agent.
- Leprostatic Agent.
- Metabolite.
What is the functional group of thalidomide?
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phthalimides. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a 1,3-dioxoisoindoline moiety. They are imide derivatives of phthalic anhydrides. Thalidomide is an off-white to white, odorless, crystalline powder.
What is thalidomide used for?
In the 1950s and 1960s, thalidomide was used to treat morning sickness during pregnancy. But it was found to cause disabilities in the babies born to those taking the drug. Now, decades later, thalidomide (Thalomid) is being used to treat a skin condition and cancer.
Is thalidomide a racemic?
Thalidomide exists in two mirror-image forms: it is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers. The (R)-enantiomer, shown in the figure, has sedative effects, whereas the (S)-isomer is teratogenic. Under biological conditions, the isomers interconvert, so separating the isomers before use is ineffective.
What is the chemical makeup of thalidomide?
Thalidomide | C13H10N2O4 – PubChem.
What is thalidomide mean?
Definition of thalidomide : a drug C13H10N2O4 that was formerly used as a sedative and is now used as an immunomodulatory agent especially in the treatment of leprosy and multiple myeloma and that is known to cause malformations of infants born to mothers using it during pregnancy.
What is ENL reaction?
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), also known as lepra type 2 reaction, is a complication of lepromatous leprosy. It is characterized by the development of inflamed subcutaneous nodules accompanied at times by fever, lymphadenopathy, and arthralgias.